Aligning Large Language Models with Human Opinions through Persona Selection and Value-Belief-Norm Reasoning

Abstract

Reasoning and predicting human opinions with large language models (LLMs) is essential yet challenging. Current methods employ role-playing with personae but face two major issues: LLMs are sensitive to even a single irrelevant persona, skewing predictions by up to 30%; and LLMs fail to reason strategically over personae. We propose Chain-of-Opinion (COO), a simple four-step solution modeling which and how to reason with personae, inspired by the Value–Belief–Norm (VBN) theory. COO differentiates between explicit personae (demographics and ideology) and implicit personae (historical opinions), involves: (1) filtering irrelevant attributes from explicit personae; (2) ranking implicit personae into a preferential list for selecting top-k; (3) applying novel VBN reasoning to extract user environmental and personal value, belief, and norm variables for accurate and reliable predictions; and (4) iterating VBN reasoning with progressively larger lists of implicit personae to handle potential persona insufficiency. COO efficiently achieves new state-of-the-art opinion prediction via prompting with only 5 inference calls, improving prior techniques by up to 4%. Notably, fine-tuning LMs with COO’s data results in significantly better opinion-aligned models, by up to 23%.

Xuan Long Do

A*STAR Doctoral Student (Aug ‘23)
Co-Supervised by Kenji Kawaguchi and Nancy F. Chen

PhD Candidate August 2023 Intake

Kenji Kawaguchi

Research Collaborator

NUS Presidential Young Professor in the Department of Computer Science, leading the Deep Learning Lab

Min-Yen Kan

Associate Professor

WING lead; interests include Digital Libraries, Information Retrieval and Natural Language Processing.

Nancy F. Chen

Research Collaborator

ASTAR Fellow; leads the Multimodal Generative AI group and the AI for Education Programme at ASTAR